What is the function of baking soda in recipes?

The function of baking soda in recipes primarily revolves around its role as a leavening agent. When baking soda, which is sodium bicarbonate, is combined with an acid and moisture, a chemical reaction occurs that produces carbon dioxide gas. This gas forms bubbles in the batter or dough, causing it to rise and become light and porous during the baking process. This leavening action is essential in many baked goods, such as cakes, muffins, and breads, where a fluffy texture is desired.

While there are other substances that can also function in flavor enhancement and preservation capabilities, these roles do not reflect the primary purpose of baking soda. Its primary chemical reaction is centered on the production of gas that helps baked items to expand, making it an important ingredient for achieving the desired texture and volume in various recipes.