Which of the following is a common method for preserving food?

Fermenting is a common method for preserving food because it involves the conversion of sugars into acids, gases, or alcohol, which can inhibit the growth of spoilage-causing microorganisms. This process not only extends the shelf life of various foods but also enhances their flavors and nutritional value. Many traditional preservation techniques, such as making sauerkraut, kimchi, yogurt, and pickles, rely on fermentation to create an environment that is less hospitable to harmful bacteria, allowing the food to be stored for longer periods without refrigeration.

In contrast, grilling, baking, and macerating are primarily cooking or preparation methods rather than preservation techniques. Grilling involves cooking food over direct heat, which can change the food's flavor and texture but does not necessarily prevent spoilage. Baking uses dry heat to cook food, which may not have preservation effects similar to fermentation. Macerating is a process that involves soaking food, usually fruits, in a liquid (like sugar or alcohol) to soften and draw out moisture, but it doesn't provide the same preservative qualities that fermentation does.